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Managing relations through the REST API

Defining relations between content-types (that are designated as entities in the database layers) is connecting entities with each other.

Relations between content-types can be managed through the admin panel or through REST requests sent to the Content API.

Relations can be connected, disconnected or set through the Content API by passing parameters in the body of the request:

Parameter nameDescriptionType of update
connectConnects new entities.Can be used in combination with disconnect.Can be used with positional arguments to define an order for relations.Partial
disconnectDisconnects entities.Can be used in combination with connect.Partial
setSet entities to a specific set. Using set will overwrite all existing connections to other entities.Cannot be used in combination with connect or disconnect.Full

connect​

Using connect in the body of a request performs a partial update, connecting the specified relations.

connect accepts either a shorthand or a longhand syntax. In the following examples, numbers refers to entity ids:

Syntax typeSyntax example
shorthandconnect: [2, 4]
longhandconnect: [{ id: 2 }, { id: 4 }]

You can also use the longhand syntax to reorder relations.

connect can be used in combination with disconnect.

caution

connect can not be used for media attributes (see Upload plugin documentation for more details).

shorthand" label="Shorthand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, using the categories attribute to connect the entity with entities with id 2 and 4:

{
data: {
categories: {
connect: [2, 4]
}
}
}
const fetch = require('node-fetch');

const response = await fetch(
'http://localhost:1337/api/restaurants/1',
{
method: 'put',
body: {
data: {
categories: {
connect: [2, 4]
}
}
}
}
);

longhand" label="Longhand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, using the categories attribute to connect the entity with entities with id 2 and 4:

{
data: {
categories: {
connect: [
{ id: 2 },
{ id: 4 }
]
}
}
}
const fetch = require('node-fetch');

const response = await fetch(
'http://localhost:1337/api/restaurants/1',
{
method: 'put',
body: {
data: {
categories: {
connect: [
{ id: 2 },
{ id: 4 }
]
}
}
}
}
);

Relations reordering​

Positional arguments can be passed to the longhand syntax of connect to define the order of relations.

The longhand syntax accepts an array of objects, each object containing the id of the entry to be connected and an optional position object to define where to connect the relation.

Different syntaxes for different relations

The syntaxes described in this documentation are useful for one-to-many, many-to-many and many-ways relations.For one-to-one, many-to-one and one-way relations, the syntaxes are also supported but only the last relation will be used, so it's preferable to use a shorter format (e.g.: { data: { category: 2 } }, see REST API documentation).

To define the position for a relation, pass one of the following 4 different positional attributes:

Parameter name and syntaxDescriptionType
before: idPositions the relation before the given id.Entry id
after: idPositions the relation after the given id.Entry id
start: truePositions the relation at the start of the existing list of relations.Boolean
end: truePositions the relation at the end of the existing list of relations.Boolean

The position argument is optional and defaults to position: { end: true }.

Sequential order

Since connect is an array, the order of operations is important as they will be treated sequentially (see combined example below).

caution

The same relation should not be connected more than once, otherwise it would return a Validation error by the API.

basic" label="Basic example">

Consider the following record in the database:

categories: [
{ id: 1 }
{ id: 2 }
]

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, connecting a relation of entity with id 3 for the categories attribute and positioning it before the entity with id 2:

{
data: {
categories: {
connect: [
{ id: 3, position: { before: 2 } },
]
}
}
}

combined" label="Combined example">

Consider the following record in the database:

categories: [
{ id: 1 }
{ id: 2 }
]

Sending the following example in the request body of a PUT request updates multiple relations:

{
data: {
categories: {
connect: [
{ id: 6, position: { after: 1} },
{ id: 7, position: { before: 2 } },
{ id: 8, position: { end: true } },
{ id: 9 },
{ id: 10, position: { start: true } },
]
}
}
}

Omitting the position argument (as in id: 9) defaults to position: { end: true }. All other relations are positioned relative to another existing id (using after or before) or relative to the list of relations (using start or end). Operations are treated sequentially in the order defined in the connect array, so the resulting database record will be the following:

categories: [
{ id: 10 },
{ id: 1 },
{ id: 6 },
{ id: 7 },
{ id: 2 },
{ id: 8 },
{ id: 9 }
]

disconnect​

Using disconnect in the body of a request performs a partial update, disconnecting the specified relations.

disconnect accepts either a shorthand or a longhand syntax. In the following examples, numbers refers to entity ids:

Syntax typeSyntax example
shorthanddisconnect: [2, 4]
longhanddisconnect: [{ id: 2 }, { id: 4 }]

disconnect can be used in combination with connect.

shorthand" label="Shorthand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, disconnecting the relations with entities with id 2 and 4:

{
data: {
categories: {
disconnect: [2, 4],
}
}
}

longhand" label="Longhand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, disconnecting the relations with entities with id 2 and 4:

{
data: {
categories: {
disconnect: [
{ id: 2 },
{ id: 4 }
],
}
}
}

set​

Using set performs a full update, replacing all existing relations with the ones specified, in the order specified.

set accepts a shorthand or a longhand syntax. In the following examples, numbers refers to entity ids:

Syntax typeSyntax example
shorthandset: [2, 4]
longhandset: [{ id: 2 }, { id: 4 }]

As set replaces all existing relations, it should not be used in combination with other parameters. To perform a partial update, use connect and disconnect.

Omitting set

Omitting any parameter is equivalent to using set.For instance, the following 3 syntaxes are all equivalent:

  • data: { categories: { set: [{ id: 2 }, { id: 4 }] }}
  • data: { categories: { set: [2, 4] }}
  • data: { categories: [2, 4] } (as used in the REST API documentation)

shorthand" label="Shorthand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, replacing all previously existing relations and using the categories attribute to connect the entity with entities with id 2 and 4:

{
data: {
categories: {
set: [2, 4],
}
}
}

longhand" label="Longhand syntax example">

Sending the following request updates the restaurant entity with id 1, replacing all previously existing relations and using the categories attribute to connect the entity with entities with id 2 and 4:

PUT http://localhost:1337/api/restaurants/1

{
data: {
categories: {
set: [
{ id: 2 },
{ id: 4 }
],
}
}
}